The 7-day week, from the Roman Era to the Christian Era
In 321 AD, Emperor Constantine decreed that the seven-day week was to be the official Christian week. The 7 day cycle has then been recorded to remain unbroken since.
The Perversion of the Church: from Sabbath to Sunday
As Christianity spread, the clergy no longer wanted the days of the week to be named after pagan gods, inspired by the Jewish practice. In the Greek-speaking Eastern churches, numbers were used to define each day of the week:
Sunday as ‘the Lord’s Day’ or Κυριακή was the first day of the week, followed by Monday (Δευτέρα – the Second), Tuesday (Τρίτη – the Third), Wednesday (Τετάρτη – the Fourth), Thursday (Πέμπτη – the Fifth), Friday (Παρασκευή – The day of preparation) and Saturday (Σάββατο – the Sabbath).
However, the Constantinian church wanted to separate themselves from the original hebraic christian faith, despising anything Jewish. Despite numbering the week days, keeping the holy count of 7 for the week, and acknowledging which day was the Sabbath day like the ancient hebrews, they yet self proclaimed such authority to shift the day of rest from the Sabbath to the Lord's Day (Sunday).
The Convert's Catechism of Catholic Doctrine - Rev. Peter Geiermann, C.SS.R., (1946), p. 50.
Q. Which is the Sabbath day?
A. Saturday is the Sabbath day.
Q. Why do we observe Sunday instead of Saturday?
A. We observe Sunday instead of Saturday because the Catholic Church, in the Council of Laodicea, (AD 336) transferred the solemnity from Saturday to Sunday....
Q. Why did the Catholic Church substitute Sunday for Saturday?
A. The Church substituted Sunday for Saturday, because Christ rose from the dead on a Sunday, and the Holy Ghost descended upon the Apostles on a Sunday.
Q. By what authority did the Church substitute Sunday for Saturday?
A. The Church substituted Sunday for Saturday by the plenitude of that divine power which Jesus Christ bestowed upon her!
The Catholic Christian Instructed- By Way of Question and Answer, RT Rev. Dr. Challoner, p. 204
Q. Has the [Catholic] church power to make any alterations in the commandments of God?
A. ...Instead of the seventh day, and other festivals appointed by the old law, the church has prescribed the Sundays and holy days to be set apart for God's worship; and these we are now obliged to keep in consequence of God's commandment, instead of the ancient Sabbath. The Catholic Christian Instructed in the Sacraments, Sacrifices, Ceremonies, and Observances of the Church
In An Abridgment of the Christian Doctrine - Rev. Henry Tuberville, D.D. (R.C.), (1833), page 58.
Q. How prove you that the church hath power to command feasts and holy days?
A. By the very act of changing the Sabbath into Sunday, which Protestants allow of; and therefore they fondly contradict themselves, by keeping Sunday strictly, and breaking most other feasts commanded by the same church.
Q. How prove you that?
A. Because by keeping Sunday, they acknowledge the church's power to ordain feasts, and to command them under sin; and by not keeping the rest [of the feasts] by her commanded, they again deny, in fact, the same power.
In A Doctrinal Catechism - Rev. Stephen Keenan, (1851), p. 174.
Q. Have you any other way of proving that the Church has power to institute festivals of precept?
A. Had she not such power, she could not have done that in which all modern religionists agree with her. She could not have substituted the observance of Sunday the first day of the week, for the observance of Saturday the seventh day, a change for which there is no Scriptural authority.
In the Catechism of the Council of Trent - p 402, second revised edition (English), 1937. (First published in 1566)
The Church of God has thought it well to transfer the celebration and observance of the Sabbath to Sunday!
In the Augsburg Confession - Art. 28.
They [the Catholics] allege the Sabbath changed into Sunday, the Lord's day, contrary to the decalogue, as it appears; neither is there any example more boasted of than the changing of the Sabbath day. Great, they say, is the power and authority of the church, since it dispensed with one of the ten commandments.
If God has graciously accepted over the centuries the sunday worship by christians because they have sought to serve Him, Shabbat remains nonetheless the day of rest that God appointed in His holy count of seven...
The perversion of modern times: from Sunday to Monday
In modern times, industrial societies brought forth the term 'weekend', first recorded in 1878, referring to 'the period between the close of one working or business or school week and the beginning of the next'. Possibly because of this and other influences, Sunday was placed at the end of the week in mainly european cultures. The International Standards Organisation then decided that Monday should be regarded as the first day of the week. Since, many European countries have followed the ISO decision and have made Monday the first day of the week, a modern attempt to obscure the correct order of the orignal seven-day week.
The 7-day week and the Julian/Gregorian calendars
The Gregorian Calendar is today the most widely used calendar in the world. Its predecessor, the Julian Calendar, was replaced because its accumulated descrepency with the seasons. The Gregorian calendar was first introduced in 1582, yet it took more than 300 years for all the different countries to adopt it. In the process, different countries had to remove days from their calendars in order to re-synchronized their timekeeping with the correct solar tropical year.
For example, when England adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1752, their calendar was advanced by 11 days: Wednesday 2 September 1752 was followed by Thursday 14 September 1752. Eleven calendar days were skipped, but the original 7 day weekly cycle remained intact.
Indeed, because the origins of the two set of counts differ, the days of the week and the dates of the Julian/Gregorian calendars are completely dissociated, and operate independently from one another. This is why each year the Julian/Gregorian calendar dates fall on different week days.
In the year 1582, France (most areas), Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain removed 10 days
In the year 1583, Austria, Germany (Catholic states) removed 10 days ;
In the year 1587, Hungary removed 10 days ;
In the year 1610, Germany (Prussia) removed 10 days ;
In the year 1700, Germany (Protestant areas), Switzerland (Protestant areas) removed 10 days
In the year 1752, the United States (most areas), Canada (most areas), United Kingdom (and colonies) removed 11 days
In the year 1916, Bulgaria removed 13 days
In the year 1918, Estonia, Russia removed 13 days
In the year 1923, Greece removed 13 days
In the years 1926/1927, Turkey removed 13 days...
Yet every time calendar days were skipped, the 7 day weekly cycle remained uninterrupted.