The term Rosh Hodesh (Hebrew: ראש חודש ) can literally be translated as “head of the month”, “beginning of the month”, or “New Month”. The Post-Temple Jewish community had to adapt its meaning to fit their lunar months. Rosh Hodesh are now called in rabbinical communities “New Moon” festivals. However, Rosh Hodesh in the Original Calendar were the first day of the “New Months”, also known as Memorial days or Days of Remembrance.
Jubilees 6:23-31
And on the new head of the first month, and on the new head of the fourth month, and on the new head of the seventh month, and on the new head of the tenth month are the days of remembrance, and the days of the seasons in the four divisions of the year. These are written and ordained as a testimony for ever.
And Noah ordained them for himself as feasts for the generations for ever, so that they have become thereby a memorial unto him. And on the new head of the first month, he was bidden to make for himself an ark, and on that (day) the earth became dry and he opened (the ark) and saw the earth.
And on the new head of the fourth month, the mouths of the depths of the abyss beneath were closed.
And on the new head of the seventh month, all the mouths of the abysses of the earth were opened, and the waters began to descend into them.
And on the new head of the tenth month, the tops of the mountains were seen, and Noah was glad.
And on this account he ordained them for himself as feasts for a memorial for ever, and thus are they ordained.
And they placed them on the heavenly tablets, each had thirteen weeks; from one to another (passed) their memorial, from the first to the second, and from the second to the third, and from the third to the fourth.
And all the days of the commandment will be two and fifty weeks of days, and (these will make) the entire year complete. Thus it is engraven and ordained on the heavenly tablets.
And there is no neglecting (this commandment) for a single year or from year to year.
Memorial days are at the head of the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th month, following the last days of the seasons - named Tekufot - on the 31st day of the 12th, 3rd, 6th and 9th month. Memorial days, or the Days of Remembrance, appear in the bible under the name of Rosh Hodesh.
Numbers 10:10
Also at your times of rejoicing--your appointed festivals and New Month feasts (roshy hodeshicem)--you are to sound the trumpets over your burnt offerings and fellowship offerings, and they will be a memorial for you before your God. I am YHWH your God."
Numbers 28:11
On the first of every month (roshy hodeshicem), present to YHWH a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram and seven male lambs a year old, all without defect.
Exodus 12:2
"This month is to be for you the first month (rosh hodeshim), the first month of your year.
The New Months feasts (translated mistakenly today by New Moon) are “memorial” days, as defined by Numbers 10:10. They constitute feast days during which community meals are shared and offerings done unto YHWH. The story of David trying to avoid King Saul for the feast of New Month, proves that the feast of the turn of the year is to be composed of 2 days:
1 Samuel 20:5-27
5David told him, “Look, tomorrow is the New Month ( חדשׁ֙ ) and I am supposed to dine with the king. Instead, let me go and hide in the field until the third evening from now.
(...) 18Then Jonathan said to David, “Tomorrow is the New Month ( חדשׁ֙ ), and you will be missed if your seat is empty. 19When you have stayed three days, hurry down to the place you hid on the day this trouble began,(...)24So David hid in the field, and when the New Month ( החֹדֶשׁ ) had come, the king sat down to eat.(...) 27But on the day after the New Month ( החֹדֶשׁ ), the second day, David’s place was still empty, and Saul asked his son Jonathan, “Why hasn’t the son of Jesse come to the meal either yesterday or today?”
In this account, King Saul had hosted a celebration meal for the turn of the year and David was expected to participate. Yet the anointed one had to hide because of the jealousy of King Saul. The story of 1 Samuel 20:5-27 shows that this feast was celebrated over two days in a row: David remained absent during the feast of Tekufah, and the following day, Memorial Day. Only on the 3rd day, could he hope to leave his hiding place, when the two days of feasts were over. David’s anecdote brings yet another evidence that the Feast of the turn of the year is composed of 2 days, not three or one.
Therefore, let us remember to celebrate the 4 turns of the year, with joy and righteousness, two days in a row, the first and the last, the day of Tekufah & the day of Rosh Hodesh (also known as Memorial Day).