1st Month /14th Day - 4th from Sabbath (wednesday) : Passover

Exodus 12:1-50

1Now YHWH said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, 2“This month is the beginning of months for you; it shall be the first month of your year.

3Tell the whole congregation of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each man must select a young of the flock [שה] for his family, one per household. 4If the household is too small for a whole young of the flock [שה], they are to share with the nearest neighbor based on the number of people, in accordance with what each person can eat.

5Your young from the flock [שה] must be an unblemished year-old male, and you may take it from the sheep or the goats. 6You must keep it until the fourteenth day of the month, when the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel will slaughter it between evenings (בין הערבים) 7They are to take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and on the lintel  of the houses where they eat it.

8They are to eat the meat that night, roasted over the fire, along with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.

9Do not eat any of the meat raw or cooked in boiling water, but only roasted over the fire—its head and legs and inner parts. 10Do not leave any of it until morning; before the morning you must burn up any part that is left over.

11This is how you are to eat it: You must be fully dressed the gird up your loins, with your sandals on your feet and your staff in your hand. You are to eat in haste; it is YHWH's Passover.

12On that night I will pass through the land of Egypt and strike down every firstborn male, both man and beast, and I will execute judgment against all the gods of Egypt. I am YHWH. 13The blood on the houses where you are staying will distinguish them; when I see the blood, I will pass over you. No plague will fall on you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.

14And this day (14th) will be a memorial for you, and you are to celebrate it as a feast to YHWH, as a permanent statute for the generations to come. 15For seven days you must eat unleavened bread. (By) the first day (15th), you must have removed the leaven from your houses. Whoever eats anything leavened from the first day (15th) through the seventh (21st) must be cut off from Israel.

16On the first day (15th) you are to hold a sacred assembly, and another on the seventh day (21st). You must not do any work on those days, except to prepare the meals—that is all you may do.

17So you are to keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread, for on this very day (15th), I brought your divisions out of the land of Egypt. You must keep this day as a permanent statute for the generations to come. 18In the first month, you are to eat unleavened bread, from the evening of the fourteenth day until the evening of the twenty-first day. 19For seven days there must be no leaven found in your houses. If anyone eats something leavened, that person, whether a foreigner or native of the land, must be cut off from the congregation of Israel. 20You are not to eat anything leavened; eat unleavened bread in all your homes.”

21Then Moses summoned all the elders of Israel and told them, “Go at once and select for yourselves a small cattle [צֹאן] for each family, and slaughter the Passover. 22Take a cluster of hyssop, dip it into the blood in the basin, and brush the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe. None of you shall go out the door of his house until morning.

23When YHWH passes through to strike down the Egyptians, He will see the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe and will pass over that doorway; so He will not allow the destroyer to enter your houses and strike you down.

24And you are to keep this command as a permanent statute for you and your descendants. 25When you enter the land that YHWH will give you as He promised, you are to keep this service.

26When your children ask you, ‘What does this service mean to you?’ 27you are to reply, ‘It is the Passover sacrifice to YHWH, who passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt when He struck down the Egyptians and spared our homes.’ ”

Then the people bowed down and worshiped. 28And the Israelites went and did just what YHWH had commanded Moses and Aaron.

29Now at night YHWH struck down every firstborn male in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat on his throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner in the dungeon, as well as all the firstborn among the livestock.

30During the night Pharaoh got up—he and all his officials and all the Egyptians—and there was loud wailing in Egypt; for there was no house without someone dead.

31Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron by night and said, “Get up, leave my people, both you and the Israelites! Go, worship YHWH as you have requested. 31Take your flocks and herds as well, just as you have said, and depart! And bless me also.”

33And in order to send them out of the land quickly, the Egyptians urged the people on. “For otherwise,” they said, “we are all going to die!” 34So the people took their dough before it was leavened, carrying it on their shoulders in kneading bowls wrapped in clothing.

35Furthermore, the Israelites acted on Moses’ word and asked the Egyptians for articles of silver and gold, and for clothing. 36And YHWH gave the people such favor in the sight of the Egyptians that they granted their request. In this way they plundered the Egyptians.

37The Israelites journeyed from Rameses to Succoth with about 600,000 men on foot, besides women and children. 38And a mixed multitude also went up with them, along with great droves of livestock, both flocks and herds.

39Since their dough had no leaven, the people baked what they had brought out of Egypt into unleavened loaves. For when they had been driven out of Egypt, they could not delay and had not prepared any provisions for themselves.

40Now the duration of the Israelites’ stay in Egypt was 430 years. 41At the end of the 430 years, to the very day, all YHWH’s divisions went out of the land of Egypt. 42Because YHWH kept a vigil that night to bring them out of the land of Egypt, this same night is to be a vigil to YHWH, to be observed by all the Israelites for the generations to come.

43And YHWH said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the statute of the Passover: No foreigner is to eat of it. 44But any servant who has been purchased may eat of it, if circumcised. 45A temporary resident or hired hand shall not eat the Passover.

46It must be eaten inside one house. You are not to take any of the meat outside the house, and you may not break any of the bones.

47The whole congregation of Israel must celebrate it. 48If a foreigner resides with you and wants to celebrate YHWH’s Passover, all the males in the household must be circumcised; then he may come near to celebrate it, and he shall be like a native of the land. But no uncircumcised man may eat of it. 49The same law shall apply to both the native and the foreigner who resides among you.”

50Then all the Israelites did this—they did just as YHWH had commanded Moses and Aaron. 51And on that very day (15th) YHWH brought the Israelites out of the land of Egypt by their divisions.

Leviticus 23:4-8

4These are YHWH’s appointed feasts, the sacred assemblies you are to proclaim at their appointed times. 5The Passover to YHWH begins between evenings (בין הערבים) on the fourteenth day of the first month. 6On the fifteenth day of the same month begins the Feast of Unleavened Bread to YHWH. For seven days you must eat unleavened bread. 7On the first day (15th) you are to hold a sacred assembly; you are not to do any regular work. 8For seven days you are to present an offering made by fire to YHWH. On the seventh day (21st) there shall be a sacred assembly; you must not do any regular work.’ ”

Numbers 28:16-25

16The fourteenth day of the first month is YHWH’s Passover. 17On the fifteenth day of this month, there shall be a feast; for seven days unleavened bread is to be eaten.

18On the first day (15th) there is to be a sacred assembly; you must not do any regular work. 19Present to YHWH an offering made by fire, a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram, and seven male lambs a year old, all unblemished. 20The grain offering shall consist of fine flour mixed with oil; offer three-tenths of an ephah with each bull, two-tenths of an ephah with the ram, 21and a tenth of an ephah with each of the seven lambs. 22Include one male goat as a sin offering to make atonement for you.

23You are to present these in addition to the regular morning burnt offering. 24Offer the same food each day for seven days as an offering made by fire, a pleasing aroma to YHWH. It is to be offered with its drink offering and the regular burnt offering.

25On the seventh day (21st) you shall hold a sacred assembly; you must not do any regular work.

Numbers 33:3-5

3On the fifteenth day of the first month, on the day after the Passover, the Israelites set out from Rameses. They marched out defiantly in full view of all the Egyptians, 4who were burying all their firstborn, whom YHWH had struck down among them; for YHWH had executed judgment against their gods. 5The Israelites set out from Rameses and camped at Succoth.

Deuteronomy 16:1-8

1Observe the month of Abib and celebrate the Passover to YHWH your God, because in the month of Abib, YHWH your God released (הוציאך) you from Egypt in the night.

2You are to offer to YHWH your God the Passover sacrifice from the herd or flock in the place YHWH will choose as a dwelling for His Name. 3You must not eat leavened bread with it; for seven days, you are to eat with it unleavened bread, the bread of affliction, because you left the land of Egypt in haste—so that you may remember for the rest of your life the day you left the land of Egypt.

4No leaven is to be found in all your land for seven days, nor shall remain overnight any of the meat that was sacrificed in the evening (until) the first day (15th) in the morning [בערב ביום הראשון לבקר] .

5You are not to sacrifice the Passover in any of the towns that YHWH your God is giving you. 6You must only sacrifice the Passover at the place YHWH your God will choose as a dwelling for His Name. Do this in the evening as the sun sets, (in remembrance of) the moed (מועד) of your departure (צאתך) from Egypt. 7And you shall roast it and eat it in the place YHWH your God will choose, and turn your faces in the morning and return to your tents.

8For six days you must eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day (21st) you shall hold a solemn assembly to YHWH your God, and you must not do any work.

Ezekiel 45:21

21On the fourteenth day of the first month you are to observe the Passover, (and) the Feast of seven days (during which) unleavened bread shall be eaten.

Joshua 5:10-11

10On the evening  (בערב) of the fourteenth day of the month, while the Israelites were camped at Gilgal on the plains of Jericho, they kept the Passover. 11The day after the Passover, on that very day (15th), they ate unleavened bread and roasted grain from the produce of the land.

The Temple Scroll (11QT=11Q19-21, 4Q365a, 4Q524)

[Let] them [prepare on the fourtee]nth day of the first month [between dawn and dusk the Passover of YHWH]. They shall sacrifice (it) before the evening offering and shall sacrifice … men from twenty years of age and over shall prepare it. They shall eat it at night in the holy courts. They shall rise early and each shall go to his tent …

Calendrical Document C (4Q326)

In the first (day of the month) on the fourth (day of the week) is Sabbath…

On the 8th (day) in it [is Sabbath] …

On the 11th (day) in it is Sabbath…

[On the 14th (day) in it is Passover on the third (day of the week).

On the 15th (day) in it: the feast of the Unleavened Bread on the fourth (day of the week).

On the 18th (day) is Sabbath.

[On the 21st (day) is the last (day) of the feast of Unleavened Bread on the third (day of the week)]

On the 25th (day) in it: Sabbath.

Passover Timeline